[citation needed]. He is sometimes referred to as Omar I by historians of early Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name. First Period 08:00 PM to12:00 AM Second Period08:00 PM to 12:00 AM. [78] The first governor to respond was Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, the governor of Syria and supreme commander of the Rashidun army. Sunni Muslims say that this denial of Muhammad's death was occasioned by his deep love for him. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. He was a senior companion of Prophet Muhammad and the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. Omar said: "He has not died but rather he has gone to his lord just as Moses went, remaining absent from his people for forty nights after which he has returned to them. Do not praise them unduly, lest they fall into the error of conceit. Please sign up to receive emails with the announcements. There would have been no sense in beating up the Khazraji chief if everybody had come around to swearing allegiance to Umar's candidate. The purpose of the Omar Bin Al-Khattab Islamic Center shall be to offer spiritual, religious, educational, and social services to the Muslims of Seattle and its vicinity. Umar ibn al-Khattab (in Arabic, عمر بن الخطاب) (c. 581 - November, 644), sometimes referred to as Umar Farooq or just as Omar or Umar, was from the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe, the tribe that dominated Mecca and of which the Prophet Muhammad was also a member.. In his will he instructed Omar to continue the conquests on Iraqi and Syrian fronts. Before his death, Abu Bakr called Uthman to write his will in which he declared Omar his successor. His merchant father was famed for his intelligence among his tribe. Our themes mostly focus on the universal values such as compassion, patience, love and so on. If I will be asked by God to whom I have appointed my successor, I will tell him that I have appointed the best man among your men. He organized an effective intelligence network, one of the reasons for his strong grip on his bureaucracy. Later in Omar's reign as caliph, Muhammad ibn Muslamah would be assigned the office of Chief Inspector of Accountability. [60] He used to monitor public policy very closely, and had kept the needs of the public central to his leadership approach. After this revelation, it seemed clear that it had been planned by the Persians residing in Medina. Omar tried to persuade Abu Ubaidah to come with him to Medina, but he declined to leave his troops in that critical situation. After the plague had weakened, in late 639, Omar visited Syria for political and administrative re-organization, as most of the veteran commanders and governors had died of the plague. Omar ordered caravans of supplies from Syria and Iraq, and personally supervised their distribution. [73] Then the Commander Omar granted them this request. He washed his body and then began to read the verses that were: Verily, I am Allah: there is no God but Me; so serve Me (only), and establish regular prayer for My remembrance (Quran 20:14). For internally displaced people, Omar hosted a dinner every night at Medina, which according to one estimate, had attendance of more than a hundred thousand people. [14] His father was Khattab ibn Nufayl and his mother was Hantama bint Hisham, from the tribe of Banu Makhzum. [107] During Abu Bakr's era, he actively participated as his secretary and main adviser. Other officers at the provincial level were: In some districts there were separate military officers, though the Wali was, in most cases, the Commander-in-chief of the army quartered in the province. [58], Omar was a gifted orator, and he used his ability to improve his reputation among the people. Monks out in the Judaean desert had long been casting themselves as warriors of God. Omar's general instructions to his officers were: Remember, I have not appointed you as commanders and tyrants over the people. Ubaidullah was intercepted by the people of Medina, who prevented him from continuing the massacre. It was only when Omar marched into Jerusalem with an army that he asked Kaab, who was Jewish before he converted to Islam, "Where do you advise me to build a place of worship?" [111], He would patrol the streets of Medina with a whip in his hand, ready to punish any offenders he might come across. [56], Abu Bakr was aware of Omar's power and ability to succeed him. CLICK HERE TO DONATE. [3][97][98], As per Omar's will, he was buried next to Al-Masjid al-Nabawi alongside Muhammad and caliph Abu Bakr by the permission of Aisha. Another reason for Umar to censure the Saqifa meeting as a falta was no doubt its turbulent and undignified end, as he and his followers jumped upon the sick Khazraji leader Sa'd bin Ubada in order to teach him a lesson, if not to kill him, for daring to challenge the sole right of Quraysh to rule. Omar died of the wounds three days later on Wednesday 3 November 644 (26 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH). I hope you can make a provision for the subtitle copy. Omar also ordered the expulsion to Syria and Iraq of the Christian and Jewish communities of Najran and Khaybar. Omar at last gave in. [citation needed] The empire of Omar was divided into provinces and some autonomous territories, e.g., Azerbaijan and Armenia, that had accepted the suzerainty of the caliphate. His motivation for the assassination is not clear. [citation needed] Provincial governors received as much as five to seven thousand dirham annually besides their shares of the spoils of war (if they were also the commander in chief of the army of their sector). Thank you very much for this beautiful series refreshing our eman. Omar wrote to Mughirah and inquired about the tax; Mughirah's reply was satisfactory, but Omar held that the tax charged to Abu Lulu was reasonable, owing to his daily income. He also kept a record system for messages he sent to Governors and heads of state. Umar ibn al-Khattab . These two canals were the basis for the agricultural development for the whole Basra region and used for drinking water. He was tall, physically powerful and a renowned wrestler. Some branches, such as Jaroudiah (Sarhubiyya), don't accept Omar and Abu Bakr as legitimate caliphs. Under Omar the empire was divided into the following provinces: Omar was first to establish a special department for the investigation of complaints against the officers of the State. During his rule, the garrison cities (amsar) of Basra and Kufa were founded or expanded. [citation needed] In 638, his fourth year as caliph and the seventeenth year since the Hijra, he decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from the year of the Hijra of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. In the Ridda wars, thousands of prisoners from rebel and apostate tribes were taken away as slaves during the expeditions. History of Khalifa Umar bin al-Khattab, in Islamic history. "[116], His rule was one of the few moments in the history of Islam where Muslims were united as a single community. Sources indicate that a threat was made to burn Ali's house if he refused, but the encounter ended when Fatimah, wife of Ali, intervened. After prolonged negotiations, the tribunal decided to give blood money to the victims, and released Omar's son Ubaidullah on the ground that, after the tragedy of Omar's assassination, people would be further infuriated by the execution of his son the very next day. Topics menu will always be here, always within reach. [64] Omar's conversion to Islam granted power to the Muslims and to the Islamic faith in Mecca. Omar Series. Rather than ape the manner of a Caesar, as the Ghassanid kings had done, he drew on the example of a quite different kind of Christian. He was excluded on the basis of being related by blood and of the same tribe as Omar. During his own reign later, Omar would mostly adopt the policy of avoiding wars and consolidating his power in the incorporated lands rather than expanding his empire through continuous warfare. We feature each theme with a beautiful image. World section is for the News Buds. Omar said: By Allah, we did not send you to engage in trade! if ( blp_cancelWowEffect || blp_isSafari ) { // blp_isSafari vars comes from the global js variable defined at blp-js-library.js If a dog dies hungry on the banks of the River Euphrates, Omar will be responsible for dereliction of duty. For instance, Jarudiyya believes that Muhammad appointed Ali and believes that the denial of the Imamate of Ali after Muhammad's passing would lead to infidelity and deviation from the right path. [119], One strategic success was his sundering of the Byzantine-Sassanid alliance in 636, when Emperor Heraclius and Emperor Yazdegerd III allied against their common enemy. It doesn't have 720p option. [75] The Jews, Kaab explained, had briefly won back their old capital a quarter of a century before (when Persians overran Syria and Palestine), but they had not had time to clear the site of the Temple, for the Rums (Byzantines) had recaptured the city. [citation needed], Later, Abu Ubaidah paid a personal visit to Medina and acted as an officer of disaster management, which was headed personally by Omar. Awaiting Approval for Safe Reopening The masjid is awaiting official approval to open partially for services.. In order to minimize the chances of corruption, Omar made it a point to pay high salaries to the staff. His greatest achievement from a religious perspective was the compilation of the Qur'an. In 625 he took part in the Battle of Uhud. As a leader, 'Omar was known for his simple, austere lifestyle. The story was recounted in Ibn Ishaq's Sīrah. Yet he also defended the outcome, claiming that the Muslims were longing for Abu Bakr as for no one else. ˈʕʊmɑr ɪbn alxɑtˤˈtˤɑːb], "Umar, Son of Al-Khattab"; c. 584 CE – 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. The government of Omar was a unitary government, where the sovereign political authority was the caliph. The opinions expressed herein, through this post or comments, contain positions and viewpoints that are not necessarily those of IslamiCity. Later in 630, he fought in the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. It is also reported in the name of the Alexandrian Bishop Eutychius (932–940 CE) that the rock known as the Temple Mount had been a place of ruins as far back as the time of the Empress Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, who built churches in Jerusalem. Farouk Omar is a historical Arab series co-produced (2012) by MBC1 and Qatar TV and directed by Hatem Ali, which is based on one of the best companions of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and the 2nd Caliph of the Islamic state, Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) . When Omar was informed about the incident, he ordered Ubaidullah imprisoned, and that the next caliph should decide his fate.[97]. [102] Omar's eldest son Abdullah described his father as "a man of fair complexion, a ruddy tint prevailing, tall, bald and grey". It is not intended to be a biography, but rather a glimpse of the main incidents of his life so that we can get an idea of his character. [77] Prior to his death in 644, Omar had ceased all military expeditions apparently to consolidate his rule in recently conquered Roman Egypt and the newly conquered Sassanid Empire (642–644). say he had reddish-white skin. [citation needed]. Masjid Omar ibn Al-Khattab Support Your Masjid Sunday Quran Commentary Class. Umar ibn al-Khattab was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. His clan was responsible for arbitration among the tribes. These are offered as a means for IslamiCity to stimulate dialogue and discussion in our continuing mission of being an educational organization. He also participated in the farewell Hajj of Muhammad in 632.[37]. [130] According to al-Tabari (and Ibn A'tham),[131] when asked about Abu Bakr and Omar, Zayd ibn Ali replied: "I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them...when they were entrusted with government they behaved justly with the people and acted according to the Qur'an and the Sunnah.". Rather than adopt the pomp and display affected by the rulers of the time, he continued to live much as he had when Muslims were poor and persecuted. A substantial number of the Ansar, presumably of Khazraj in particular, must have refused to follow the lead of the Muhajirun.[43]. When Omar informed him that he had set out to kill Muhammad, Nua'im said, “By God, you have deceived yourself, O Omar! [citation needed] On the other hand, Yazdegerd III was engaged in negotiations that further gave Omar time to transfer his troops from Syria to Iraq. The series consist of 30 episodes. [13], Omar was born in Mecca to the Banu Adi clan, which was responsible for arbitration among the tribes. When he saw what he did to his sister, he calmed down out of guilt and asked his sister to give him what she was reciting. He would always color his beard and take care of his hair using a type of plant. [41], Wilferd Madelung summarises Omar's contribution: [43], Umar judged the outcome of the Saqifa assembly to be a falta [translated by Madelung as 'a precipitate and ill-considered deal'[44]] because of the absence of most of the prominent Muhajirun, including the Prophet's own family and clan, whose participation he considered vital for any legitimate consultation (shura, mashwara). Jazakallahu khairan, © 1995 - 2021 IslamiCity. [102], One writer states that Omar was a political genius and, as an architect of the Islamic Empire, rates him as the 52nd most influential figure in history. It is said that Omar's whip was feared more than the sword of another man. Give the Muslims their rights and do not beat them lest they become abused. All Rights Reserved, IslamiCity ™ is a registered trademark of HADI, a nonprofit 501 (c)(3) organization. However, it has been reported that he said that if Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Khalid ibn Walid or Salim, the mawla and freed Persian slave, were alive he would have appointed one of them his successor. [124] According to the majority of Twelver scholar writings, Fatimah was physically assaulted by Omar, that this caused her to miscarry her child, Muhsin ibn Ali, and led to her death soon after. Omar was known for this intelligence service through which he made his officials accountable. [citation needed], After the Battle of Nahavand, Omar launched a full-scale invasion of the Sassanid Persian Empire. This department acted as the Administrative court, where the legal proceedings were personally led by Omar. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). Why don't you return to your own house and at least set it straight? By: Hatem Ali Source: Middle East Broadcasting Center Mar 5, 2020 No Comments., , , , , The series is based on the life of Omar, one of the Prophet Mohammad's best companions and the second Caliph of Islam. Omar also introduced a child benefit and pensions for the children and the elderly. [40] Abū Bakr then recited these verses from the Qur'an: "Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Abdullah bin Masoud said, Umar's embracing Islam was our victory, his migration to Medina was our success, and his reign a blessing from Allah. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFThe_World_Factbook2010 (, Saberi, Tarikh Feragh Islami, Vol. Tabqat ibn al-Saad book of Maghazi, p. 62, Sahih-al-Bhukari book of Maghazi, Ghazwa Zaat-ul-Sallasal, Serat-i-Hazrat Umar-i-Farooq, by Mohammad Allias Aadil, pp. He was a … Khattab ibn Nufayl was his father, and Hantama bint Hisham was his mother. Omar is remembered by Sunnis as a rigid Muslim of a sound and just disposition in matters of religion; a man they title Farooq, meaning "leader, jurist and statesman", and the second of the rightly guided caliphs. }. On hearing this, Khabbab came out from inside and said: "O, Omar! Tabqat ibn Sa'ad. When a small group of Muslims migrated, Omar became worried about the future unity of the Quraish and decided to have Muhammad assassinated. The series depends solely on established historical facts hence didn't face criticism in terms of its content as past movies on similar subjects did. Yet still they kept on saying "you may kill us but we will not give up Islam". Where I can find Czech🇨🇿 substitute of seriál Omar ibn khattab please 🙏🙏, The series have been educative and motivational, I want to make enquiries regarding episode 30, their is no English subtitle attached to the video. [citation needed] Omar finally appointed a committee of six persons to choose a caliph from amongst them: Abdur Rahman bin Awf, Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, Talha ibn Ubaidullah, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Omar's threadbare robes, his diet of bread, salt and water, and his rejection of worldly riches would have reminded anyone from the desert reaches beyond Palestine of a very particular kind of person. In 629 Muhammad sent Amr ibn al-A’as to Zaat-ul-Sallasal, after which, Muhammad sent Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah with reinforcements, including Abu Bakr and Omar, whereupon they attacked and defeated the enemy. [117] Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah before Omar died famously said: "If Omar dies, Islam would be weakened". Ficamos a cerca de 14km do Parque das Aves e 15km do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, os dois atrativos mais visitados da cidade. [84][85][86][87], Local populations of Jews and Christians, persecuted as religious minorities and taxed heavily to finance the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, often aided Muslims to take over their lands from the Byzantines and Persians, resulting in exceptionally speedy conquests. People asked him why and his reply was "You will see what I am speaking about if you survive. Umar I, the second Muslim caliph (from 634). [59], Muhammad Husayn Haykal wrote that Omar's stress was on the well-being of the poor and underprivileged. He is said to have participated in the wrestling matches on the occasion of the annual fair of Ukaz. [110], Omar never appointed governors for more than two years, for they might amass too much local power. "[113], Under Omar's rule, in order to promote strict discipline, Arab soldiers were settled outside of cities, between the desert and cultivated lands in special garrison towns known as "amsar". [125] (see Umar at Fatimah's house). On 31 October 644, Piruz attacked Omar while he was leading the morning prayers, stabbing him six times in the belly and finally in the navel, that proved fatal. In a sullen mood, Piruz said, "Verily I will make such a mill for you, that the whole world would remember it".[96]. On the authority of Abu Raja al-U'taridi, Ibn Asakir records that "Omar was a man tall, stout, very bald, very ruddy with scanty hair on the cheeks, his moustaches large, and the ends thereof reddish". Due to overwhelming content, each of these hubs can be considered a home page of its own. Campaigns Umar ordered, When Muhammad arrived in Medina, he paired each immigrant (Muhajir) with one of the residents of the city (Ansari), joining Muhammad ibn Maslamah with Omar, making them brothers in faith. Glad tidings for you. Soon after, the reserves of food at Medina began to run out. [citation needed] Surprised by his presence, the dagger fell; it was the same two-sided dagger used in the assassination. He resolved to defend the traditional polytheistic religion of Arabia. With the necessary public support on his side, Omar took the bold decision of recalling Khalid ibn Walid from supreme command on the Roman front.[62]. According to the plan, before the Fajr prayers (the morning prayers before the dawn) Piruz would enter Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, the main mosque of Medina where Omar led the prayers and would attack Omar during the prayers, and then flee or mix with the congregation at the mosque. [48][49] Tom Holland writes "What added incomparably to his prestige, was that his earth-shaking qualities as a generalissimo were combined with the most distinctive cast of virtues. [79], While famine was ending in Arabia, many districts in Syria and Palestine were devastated by plague. It's all color coded. Related Suggestions [42] Though the Khazraj were in disagreement, Omar, after strained negotiations lasting one or two days, brilliantly divided the Ansar into their old warring factions of Aws and Khazraj tribes. He ordered the building of a canal connecting the Nile to the Red Sea and an improvement of port infrastructure on the Arabian coast. Under this unprecedented pressure, the Christian Arabs retreated from Emesa before Muslim reinforcements could arrive. In 624 Omar participated in the first battle between Muslims and Quraish of Mecca i.e., the Battle of Badr. [109], He built up an efficient administrative structure that held together his vast realm. First Period 11:00 PM to12:00 AM ... Omar Haidary. On the advice of Omar, Abu Bakr tasked Zayd ibn Thabit with the momentous task of compiling the Quran into a single Book. [129] The other view accepts Omar and Abu Bakr as legitimate caliphs, albeit inferior to Ali. Umar transformed the Islamic state from an Arabian principality into a world power, conquering Mesopotamia and Syria and beginnig the conquest of Iran and Egypt. Al-zobair Ibn Alawam. [100] The only one out of the 'famous ten' left out of the committee who was still alive at the time was Saeed ibn Zaid, the cousin and brother-in-law of Omar. [104] Others[who?] But with all of this, he was also known for being kindhearted, answering the needs of the fatherless and widows. [132][133], Omar married nine women in his lifetime and had fourteen children: ten sons and four daughters. "[39] Abu Bakr then publicly spoke to the community in the mosque, saying: "Whoever worshiped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad has died, and whoever worshiped Allah, let them know that Allah is alive and never dies.". [7] He was a senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. And do not behave as if you were superior to them, for that is tyranny over them. Upon hearing these words, Omar slapped his sister so hard that she fell to the ground bleeding from her mouth. Please must upload the last episode to complete the series watching. In important cases Muhammad ibn Maslamah was deputed by Omar to proceed to the spot, investigate the charge and take action. He was adamant and cruel in opposing Muhammad, and very prominent in persecuting Muslims. In 641, he established Bayt al-mal, a financial institution and started annual allowances for the Muslims. He insisted, but his sister was not prepared to allow him to touch the pages unless he washed his body. [citation needed]. When he died, the fortress was breached and now people are going out of Islam". Abu Bakr appointed Omar as his successor before dying in 634 CE. The challenge of Islamic renaissance By Syed Abdul Quddus, harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFEsposito2010 (, Islam: An Illustrated History By Greville Stewart Parker Freeman-Grenville, Stuart Christopher Munro-Hay, p. 40. The series commences with the 23 year of Hijra at Makkah, where the Muslim pilgrims have come together for the Hajj. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. A 30-episode series showcasing the various events during the life of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) from his pre-Islamic days till his assassination. Only one resolution option of 360p. They returned to live in the southern part of the city, i.e., the Market of the Jews. 2, P. 95, Conquest of Isfahan & Tabaristan (642–643), "Hadith - Book of Companions of the Prophet - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)", "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab : His Life and Times, Volume 1", "The Institute of Ismaili Studies - Institute of Ismaili Studies", "Hadith - Book of Judgments (Ahkaam) - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)", "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab : His Life and Times, Volume 2", "History Of Science And Technology In Islam", "Khalifa Umar bin al-Khattab – Death of Umar", "Hadith - Book of Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah) - Sunan Abi Dawud - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)", "Umar Ibn Al-Khattab: His Life and Times, Volume 1", "تدلیس شبکه وهابی در سخنان آقای محمد حسین فضل الله", "شایعات - کلیپ رد هجوم به منزل حضرت زهرا(س)، توسط آیت الله سید حسین فضل الله ! Omar also forbade non-Muslims from residing in the Hejaz for longer than three days. This violent break-up of the meeting indicates, moreover, that the Ansar cannot all have been swayed by the wisdom and eloquence of Abu Bakr's speech and have accepted him as the best choice for the succession, as suggested by Caetani. For the Danish cricketer, see, Second Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate and a companion of Muhammad. Ali juró lealtad al segundo califa, Úmar ibn Khattab, y lo ayudó como un consejero de confianza. "[31][32] Omar migrated to Medina accompanied by his cousin and brother-in-law Saeed ibn Zaid. Throughout this expansion, Umar closely controlled policy for administering the conquered lands. Please upload 46 minutes complete video. Omar then is reported to have asked Abu Lulu: "I heard that you make windmills; make one for me as well." There were restrictions on their right to seize buildings and other immovable things usually thought of as prizes of war. "[48], Due to the delicate political situation in Arabia[vague], Omar initially opposed military operations against the rebel tribes there,[citation needed] hoping to gain their support in the event of an invasion by the Romans or the Persians. Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) reminisces his past days, when he used to tend to his father Al-Khattab's camels in the desert, and how his father used to work him to exhaustion and beat him up if he slackened. [127][better source needed][128][better source needed], Another Shia sect, the Zaidiyyah followers of Zaid ibn Ali, generally has two views about that. [50], Omar advised Abu Bakr to compile the Quran in the form of a book after 300 huffāẓ (memorizers) of the Quran died in the Battle of Yamamah.[51]. Infuriated by this, Omar's younger son Ubaidullah ibn Umar sought to kill all the Persians in Medina. The verified written verses were collated with those from the collections of … The series then takes you on a historical ride as memories come gushing back to Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) about the various events that happened during his lifetime. Following his conversion, Omar went to inform the chief of Quraish, Amr ibn Hishām, about his acceptance of Islam. He dismissed his most successful general, Khalid ibn Walid, because he wanted people to know that it is Allah who grants victory, and to counter the cult of personality that had built up around Khalid, for the sake of the Muslim faith. Various other strict codes of conduct were to be obeyed by the governors and state officials. Abu Bakr is reported to have said to the high-ranking advisers: His (Omar's) strictness was there because of my softness when the weight of Caliphate will be over his shoulders he will remain no longer strict. Nevertheless, Abu Bakr decided to make Omar his successor. The front part of his head was bald, always A'sara Yusran (working with two hands),[103] both his eyes were black, with yellow skin; however, ibn Sa'ad in his book stated that he never knew that 'Omar had yellow skin, except for a certain part of Omar's life where his color changed due to his frequent consumption of oil. [citation needed] This was immediately followed by simultaneous attacks on Azerbaijan and Fars. Strengthen Islam with either Omar or Abu Jahl, whomsoever Thou likest.' [citation needed], His strategy resulted in a Muslim victory at the Second Battle of Emesa in 638, where the pro-Byzantine Christian Arabs of Jazira, aided by the Byzantine Emperor, made an unexpected flanking movement and laid siege to Emesa (Homs).
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